PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

    Menekankan lamanya sebuah aktivitas yang sedang terjadi selama beberapa waktu sebelum aktivitas lain terjadi di masa lampau

FORMULA
(+) S + had + been + V-ing + O
(-)  S + had + not + been + V-ing + O
(?) Had + S + been + V-ing + O

TIME SIGNAL
1. For + period of time + before + S.past
2. For + period of time + when + S.past

EXAMPLE 
1. (+) We had been listening to music for an hour when it started to rain
2. (-)  She hadn't been cutting a beautiful flower for 50 minutes in the garden yesterday
3. (?) Had Ana been doing her homework for 10 minutes before the teacher came in ?

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

a.Menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang terjadi di masa lampau
b.Menyatakan dua aktivitas yang terjadi di waktu yang sama di masa lampau

FORMULA
(+) S + was / were + V-ing + O
(-)  S + was / were + not + V-ing + O
(?) Was / were + S + V-ing

TIME SIGNAL
1. At 5 o'clock yesterday
2. Past.Continuous + when S.Past
3. S.Past + while Past Continuous
4. Past continuous + while past continuous

EXAMPLE
1. (+) They were waiting for me when I did my duty yesterday
2. (-)  2 lions were catching mice in the big jungle while a cat was running
3. (?) Were you receiving the flower from your darling at 7 o'clock last night ?

EFS LEVEL 2

PAST PERFECT TENSE

 
   Menyatakan aktivitas yang telah terjadi sebelum aktivitas lain terjadi di masa lampau

1.VERBAL
FORMULA
( + ) S + had + V3 + O
( - )  S + had + not + V3 + O
( ? ) Had + S + V3 + O

TIME SIGNAL
1. Past perfect + before S.Past
2. Past perfect + when S.Past
3. S.Past + after Past perfect
4. By the end of last month
5. By the time + S.Past

EXAMPLE
1. (+) I had studied English before you went home
2. (-)  My mother had cooked noodle when I did my homework 
3. (?) Had I met my classmate in Elementary school until yesterday ?
4. Ana's friend had canceled the meeting by 5 o'clock p.m yesterday
5. My parents had watched TV by the time I got home


2.NOMINAL
   
     menyatakan pososi,profesi dan kondisi selama beberapa waktu di masa lampau

FORMULA
(+) S + had + been + complement
(-)  S + had + not + been + complement
(?) Had + S + been + complement

EXAMPLE
1. (+) Toni had been a dilligent student in their class last year
2. (-) Ana's father had been a pilot for 5 years when she was still baby
3. (?) Had the students of El Fata been in the class ?